ASM Occasional Electronic Papers No. 1: Homol'ovi IV

Chapter Eight:
Ceramics, cont.

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Site Chronology

Several datable types were recovered from Homol'ovi IV. Goetze and Mills (1993) recently refined dates for many Southwestern ceramic types by synthesizing previous work and using new data from the Transwestern pipeline project. These data have been expanded and revised by Adams (2001) and Mills and Herr (1999). Ceramic production dates are provided in tables and text, and originate from these works unless otherwise noted in the tables.

Tsegi Orange Ware from Homol'ovi IV contained 1102 datable sherds (see Table 8.16). The most common types were produced from A.D. 1250 to A.D. 1325 and include Jeddito Black-on-orange (806 sherds), Jeddito Orange (122 sherds), Jeddito Slipped (69 sherds), and Jeddito Polychrome (59 sherds) (Table 8.22). Small quantities (from 3 to 10 sherds) of other datable types are present.

Table  8.22 Prevalent Datable Types at Homol’ovi IV

Type	Frequency (Percent)	Date (A.D.)	Range
Tusayan Indented Corrugated	5600 (33.46)	1040-1300+	260+
Grapevine Brown	1213 (7.25)	1066-1400	334
Little Colorado Indented Corrugated	1133 (6.77)	1040-1250+	210+
Jeddito Black-on-orange	806 (4.82)	1250-1325	75
Sunset Red/Brown	164 (0.98)	1066-1400	334
Jeddito Orange	122 (0.73)	1250-1325	75
Tusayan Black-on-white	97 (0.58)	1200-1300	100
Jeddito Slipped	69 (0.41)	1250-1325	75
Jeddito Polychrome	59 (0.35)	1250-1325	75
Snowflake Black-on-white	48 (0.29)	1100-1275	175
Kayenta Black-on-white	42 (0.25)	1260-1300	40
Angell Brown	41 (0.24)	1066-1400	334
Flagstaff Black-on-white	40 (0.24)	1150-1220	70
Puerco Black-on-white	26 (0.16)	1030-1200	170
Wingate Black-on-red/Polychrome	21 (0.13)	1050-1200	150
Walnut Black-on-white	20 (0.12)	1100-1250	150
Reserve Black-on-white	18 (0.11)	1100-1200	100
Tularosa Black-on-white	17 (0.10)	1180-1300	120
St. Johns Black-on-red/Polychrom	11(0.07)	1200-1300	100
Pinto Polychrome	9 (0.05)	1280-1330	50

A total of 195 Tusayan White Ware sherds from five types with secure production ranges were identified at Homol'ovi IV (see Table 8.10). Tusayan Black-on-white (A.D. 1180 to A.D. 1300) was twice as common as any other typable Tusayan White Ware. The slightly earlier Flagstaff Black-on-white (A.D. 1150 to A.D. 1220) and the slightly later Kayenta Black-on-white (A.D. 1260 to A.D. 1300) were the next most common types. A small percentage of Dogoszhi Black-on-white (A.D. 1070 to A.D. 1180) was present, and a few other types were represented by a small quantity of sherds (Table 8.22).

Little Colorado White Ware included 33 typable, datable sherds (see Table 8.11). Walnut Black-on-white (A.D. 1100 to A.D. 1250) was by far the most common (20 sherds) (Table 8.22). Other types are only minimally represented (1 to 7 sherds) and include Padre Black-on-white (A.D. 1100 to A.D. 1250), earlier Holbrook A and B Black-on-white, and later Leupp Black-on-white.

Cibola White Ware at Homol'ovi IV contained six types (122 sherds) with known production dates (see Table 8.12). Forty-eight Snowflake sherds with a production date of 1100 to 1275 were recovered and 17 Tularosa Black-on-white sherds were recovered, having a production range of A.D. 1180 to A.D. 1300. Slightly earlier Puerco (A.D. 1030 to A.D. 1200) and Reserve Black-on-white (A.D. 1100 to A.D 1200) are the next most common types (Table 8.22). Even earlier types of Red Mesa and Escavada Black-on-white are present in very small quantities.

White Mountain Red Ware sherds included 21 Wingate Black-on-red/Polychrome sherds (A.D. 1050 to A.D. 1200), 11 St. Johns Black-on-red/Polychrome (A.D. 1200 to A.D. 1300), and 1 Pinedale Black-on-red/Polychrome (A.D. 1290 to A.D 1330) (see Tables 8.14 and 8.22). Slightly later Roosevelt Red Ware includes nine Pinto Polychrome sherds (A.D. 1280 to A.D. 1330) and six Gila/Tonto Polychrome sherds (A.D. 1350 to A.D 1400) (see Tables 8.15 and 8.22).

Indented Corrugated varieties of Tusayan Gray Ware (5600 sherds) and Little Colorado Gray ware (1133 sherds) are common at Homol'ovi IV and have production dates ranging from A.D. 1040 to A.D. 1300+ and A.D. 1040 to A.D. 1250+, respectively (see Table 8.18). Twenty-six sherds of Tusayan Gray Ware type Moenkopi Corrugated (A.D. 1075 to A.D. 1300+) were also present (Table 8.22).

Alameda Brown Ware types Angell Brown, Grapevine Brown, and Sunset Red/Brown have similar production date ranges (A.D. 1066 to A.D. 1400), and only three sherds of early Rio de Flag Brown were noted. A single sherd of Deadmans Gray (A.D. 775 to A.D 1200) and a Showlow Black-on-red (A.D. 1030 to A.D. 1200) was also recovered.

Although the broadest possible production range for ceramic types recovered from Homol'ovi IV spans at least 800 years beginning in A.D. 650 with Rio de Flag Alameda Brown Ware (Table 8.18) and ending in A.D. 1400 with Gila/Tonto Polychrome (see Table 8.15), the ceramic collection suggest that the actual occupation of Homol'ovi IV was more temporally restricted.

Three of the four most common types in the collection (Tusayan and Little Colorado Indented Corrugated and Grapevine Brown) offer production date ranges spanning from 210+ to 334 years beginning in the mid A.D. 1000s and ending at A.D. 1250+ to 1400 (Table 8.22). Jeddito Black-on-orange is the most prevalent decorated type with a secure production range (A.D. 1250 to A.D. 1325), a range shared with other Tsegi Orange Ware types Jeddito Orange, Slipped, and Polychrome (Table 8.22). The production dates for a variety of common white ware types overlap with the production of Tsegi Orange Wares, excepting Puerco (A.D. 1030 to A.D. 1200) and Flagstaff Black-on-white (A.D. 1150-1220). However, the beginning production dates for these white wares is generally earlier (excepting Kayenta Black-on-white, A.D. 1260) ranging from A.D. 1000 to A.D. 1200.

As noted in the chronology chapter, ceramic production ranges indicate a population occupying Homol'ovi IV by the A.D. 1250's. A probable end date in the A.D. 1280's is suggested as much by what is absent as what is present.

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