AZSITE
Preferred Feature Terms
The numeric computer entry code precedes preferred Feature Names, which are in
Bold typeface.
1. Ash Stain: A distinct coloration of areas of soil on a site, usually
bounded. Ash stains are distinctly gray in color and may include bits of charcoal.
Related features: Charcoal Stain, Dump, Hearth, Midden.
2. Artifact Scatter: A patterned or unpatterned array of various types
of artifacts across the surface of the site. An artifact scatter should contain
more than one type of artifact and is prehistoric. Artifact Scatter should be used
in preference to sheet scatter or tool scatter. Related features: Lithic Scatter,
Sherd Scatter, Trash Scatter.
3. Atalaya: A defensive structure, usually constructed on a high vantage
point overlooking surrounding territory. Related term: Tower.
4. Ball Court: An elongated, slightly oval, and unroofed structure excavated
into the ground and typical of the Hohokam and Casas Grandes cultures in the American
Southwest. Related feature: Undefined Depression.
5. Barn: A large farm or ranch building used to house/store livestock
and/or machinery, feed and equipment. It may include stables and is a historic component.
Related features: Milled Lumber Structure, Fired Brick Structure, Shed.
6. Battle Site: the location of a battle, fight or skirmish of historical
significance. Site boundaries must be defined and UTM coordinates supplied. Related
feature: Monument.
7. Bedrock/Boulder Grinding Stone: A pecked or ground concavity in a large
boulder or outcrop used for processing of food or other items. May be a bedrock
mortar, metate, slab, grinding slick or sharpening grooves. Related features: Pecked
Bedrock Depression.
8. Bedrock Steps: Steps pecked or ground into cliff or bedrock slope to
facilitate human passage. Related feature: Pecked Bedrock Depression.
9. Bin/Cist: A constructed/enclosed storage place or mealing bin that
may be above, partially or completely underground and either lined or unlined. Related
feature: Undefined Depression.
10.Brick Kiln: A formal oven used to bake molded clay bricks. Found in
historic contexts only. Related feature: Coke Oven, Lime Kiln, Kiln, Oven, Pottery
Kiln.
11.Bridge: A foot, automobile, or railroad bridge. Use in historic contexts
only and describe construction details and function under Feature Remarks. Related
features: Road/Trail, Railroad Tracks/Bed.
12.Burial/Grave: Unmarked human interment or isolated grave. Related feature:
Cemetery, Cremation, Human Remains.
13.Burned Rock Midden: Large dense concentrations, often mounded, of fire
cracked rock (FCR), usually associated with large scale plant processing. Although
other cultural materials are usually present in the midden, FCR is predominant.
Related features: Hearth, Roasting Pit, Sweat Lodge.
14.Cache: An apparently purposeful placement of artifacts or collected
items, for storage or for ceremonial purposes, either above or below ground or within
an architectural structure (e.g., mano cache, pottery cache, etc., presumablly stored
for later use). Related features: Bin/Cist, Cairn, Shrine, Undefined Depression.
15.Cairn: A mound or stack of rocks used to mark the locations of boundaries
or claims. Related features: Fence, Shrine, Rock Pile, Undefined Rock Alignment,
Wall.
16.Canal: Excavated linear feature to transport water to fields, may be
lined or unlined. Should be used in place of ditch, channel, irrigation ditch, trench,
water channel. Related features: Water Control Device.
17.Car Body: The major portion of a vehicle abandoned on a site. If the
car body has been modified for other uses, indicate this under Feature Remarks.
Found only in historic contexts.
18.Cavate Room: Intentionally carved habitation rooms, cut into volcanic
tuff or other soft material.
19.Cemetery: A formal place for human burials. Use for formal, sanctified,
burial grounds and private grave plots. Related features: Burial/Grave.
20.Charcoal Stain: A distinct dark coloration of areas of soil on a site,
usually bounded. Use for all surficial stains that are believed to be cultural but
the nature of which is indeterminate. Related features: Ash Stain, Dump, Hearth,
Midden.
Check Dam: See Water Control Device.
21.Church/Religious Structure: A building designed for public religious
services, includes meeting houses, synagogues and chapels, in historic context only.
Related feature: Public Building.
22.Clearing in Desert Pavement: An area where cobbles have been cleared,
frequently circular in shape and interpreted as sleeping circles or metate preform
workshops. Do not confuse with excavated features like Pithouse or Undefined Depression.
23.Clay Quarry: A natural clay source that shows signs of having been
excavated to obtain clay. May be a localized geologic feature or an area with dispersed
concentrations, as, for example, along a riverbank. Related features: Quarry, Resource
Procurement Area.
Cliff Dwelling: see Roomblock.
24.Coke Oven: A firing structure used to reduce coal to carbonaceous residue.
The procedure was used to produce coal gas in a destructive distillation process,
or in the production of coke to produce steel. Used in historic contexts only. Related
features: Brick Kiln, Lime Kiln, Kiln, Oven, Pottery Kiln.
25.Compound Walls: Adobe or masonry walls, standing to any height, that
once formed enclosing perimeter walls of a house or houses and an open space connected
to the houses. Related features: Fence, Plaza, Undefined Constructed Linear Feature,
Wall.
26.Communication System, Linear: Any linear arrangement of poles with
connecting wire, or cable not strung from poles, underground or not, that served
as a communication system. This includes historic context telephone and telegraph
wires and the poles and pads used to support them.
27.Constructed Linear Feature, Undefined: Any humanly constructed feature,
linear in nature than cannot be clearly defined as a wall, fence, road,railroad
bed, boundary marker, etc.
28.Corral: An unroofed enclosure for confining livestock. May be constructed
of any materials and incorporate natural features or vegetation as part of the enclosure.
Found only in historic contexts. Related features: Fence, Livestock Enclosure, Stockade,
Wall.
Courtyard: see Plaza.
29.Cremation: A human cremation, and any associated artifacts. Related
features: Burial/Grave, Cemetery, Human Remains.
30.Depression, Undefined: An area sunk below the immediate surrounding
terrain. Use to indicate depressions that are a direct result of some human activity
but the purpose of which is unclear. Related features: Dugout, Great Kiva, Kiva,
Outhouse, Pithouse.
31.District: (Archaeological or historical) A tract of land that has been
assigned to one ASM site number due to the density of sites of archaeological or
historical importance.
32.Dugout: A structure formed by excavation into the ground and then roofed
over. May be dug into a hillside with ground-level access or dug below ground with
a stair access. Usually found on historic homesteads as residence or storage (root
cellars, etc). Related features: Undefined Depression, Outbuilding, Shed.
33.Dump: Formal or informal concentrations of historic trash, related
to subsistence and containing individual or multiple episodes of deposition. May
be contained within an excavated pit or piled on landscape to form a mound. Include
all ash or coal-cinder dumps. Related features: Ash Stain, Charcoal Stain, Midden,
Mine Waste, Trash Mound, Trash Scatter.
34.Excavated Linear Feature, Undefined: A humanly excavated linear feature,
but undefined as an irrigation canal, tunnel, etc. Related feature: Canal.
35.Fence: A structure creating a boundary, barrier, or enclosure. Construction
materials may vary, including unmodified natural materials such as brush or rock
or electrified wire. Found only in historic contexts. Related features: Constructed
Linear Feature, Corral, Stockade, Wall.
36.Field: A tract of land used for cultivation, not necessarily formally
bounded. Related features: Garden, Constructed Linear Feature, Linear Border, Orchard.
37.Field House: A small structure of 1 to 4 rooms built as an adjunct
to an agricultural field for storage or temporary housing. Usually prehistoric.
Related features: One Room Structure, Masonry Structure.
Fire cracked rock:
see Burned Rock Midden, Undefined Rock Feature.
38.Fired Brick Structure: Any structure constructed of fired brick and
otherwise undefined as to purpose. Found only in historic context. Related features:
Barn, Church/Religious Structure, House Extant, House Foundation, Outbuilding.
Game Trap: see Hunting Feature.
39.Garden: Small, formal agricultural area, often bounded with cobbles
and containing gravel mulch. Related features: Constructed Linear Feature, Field,
Orchard, Soil Control Structure, Water Control Device.
40.Graffitti: Surficial markings or writings. Use for tree art as well
as modern additions to rock art. Petroglyphs or pictographs believed to date post-contact
should be classed as petroglyphs or pictographs. Related features: Painted Petroglyph,
Petroglyph, Pictograph.
41.Grain Mill: A structure originally equipped with machinery for processing
by grinding or crushing grain.
42.Great Kiva: Large kiva. Related features: Undefined Depression, Kiva,
Pithouse.
43.Hearth: An extramural, localized area of controlled intentional burning.
Encompasses all surficial fire-related phenomena including fire pits, formal hearths,
unstructured hearths, fire rings, burned rock rings, fire deflectors, and slab-lined
hearths. Excludes standing fireplaces or chimneys or their remnants. Such things
should be included as part of House Foundation. Related features: Ash Stain, Burned
Rock Midden, Charcoal Stain, Oven, Pottery Kiln, Roasting Pit, Sweat Lodge.
44.Historic Settlement: Existing towns, ghost towns and their remaining
foundations. Use for towns nominated for the National or State Register of Historic
Places, or where remains of towns are noted in survey, or where the existing town
is of historical interest. Detail buildings and streets as individual features or
use this term to record the entire town as one feature. Detail the area being included
in the site (including sufficient data such that UTM coordinates may be established)
and the number of extant buildings and building foundations. See section II.2. of
Site Definition, concerning site definition. Related features: Fired Brick Structure,
Masonry Structure, Milled Lumber Structure, Public Building.
45.Hogan: A Navajo dwelling, usually round or later octagonal. Includes
masonry, cribbed log and framed structures. Use for hogan foundations and deteriorating
hogans and standing hogans. Related features: Rock Ring, Wickiup.
46.House Extant: A standing habitation structure, historic contexts only.
Related features: Fired Brick Structure, House Foundation, Log Cabin, Milled Lumber
Structure, One Room Structure.
47.House Foundation: The remains of a habitation structure, including
collapsed buildings, footings of various materials, formal house cellars, cement
slabs, builders' trenches, and crawl spaces. Use for structures built in European-American
style. Historic period pueblos may be classed under Roomblock. Related features:
Undefined Depression, Undefined Rock Alignment.
48.Human Remains: Human skeletal material found in contexts that are clearly
not formal burials. Use in place of skeleton or skeletal remains. Related features:
Burial/Grave, Cemetery, Cremation.
49.Hunting Feature: All hunting features including drop sites, deadfalls,
snares, dead end traps, beating corridors and hunting blinds. Related features:
Undefined Depression, Undefined Rock Alignment.
50.Intaglio: Patterned rock alignments depicting anthropomorphic, zoomorphic
or geometric designs on land surface.
51.Kiln: Any of various ovens used for hardening, firing, burning or drying
substances. Should be used in cases where there is uncertainty as to which of the
related feature names would apply. Related features: Brick Kiln, Coke Oven, Lime
Kiln, Oven, Pottery Kiln.
52.Kiva: A circular or rectangular ceremonial structure that may be subterranean
or part of a roomblock. May be used for excavated or unexcavated features if there
is reasonable certainty as to interpretation; if not, use Undefined Depression.
Related features: Great Kiva, Pithouse, Undefined Depression.
53.Lime Kiln: A furnace used to reduce naturally occurring forms of calcium
carbonate to lime. Found in historic contexts only. Related features: Brick Kiln,
Coke Oven, Kiln, Oven, Pottery Kiln.
54.Linear Border: Artificial arrangement of materials that serves to delineate
an agricultural field or other area. Related feature: Constructed Linear Feature,
Field, Orchard, Soil Control Structure, Water Control Device.
27.Linear Feature, Constructed, Undefined: Any type of constructed linear
feature that cannot be clearly defined as a wall, fence, road,railroad bed, boundary
marker, etc.
34.Linear Feature, Excavated, Undefined: An excavated feature, linear
in nature but otherwise undefined as an irrigation canal, tunnel, etc. Related feature:
Canal.
55.Lithic Quarry: Use only for outcrops or buried deposits of lithic material
that have been mined or otherwise exploited for the purpose of stone tool manufacture.
Related feature: Quarry, Resource Procurement Area.
56.Lithic Scatter: Use for systematic or non-systematic arrangement of
lithics (tools, debitage, shatter) that occur on the landscape, either alone or
in conjunction with other features. Use instead of terms like sheet scatter, tool
scatter, debitage scatter. Use Lithic Scatter to include manufacturing areas, workshops,
chipping and flaking areas. Then note under Feature Use that site was a Manufacturing/Production
area. Related terms: Artifact Scatter, Trash Scatter.
57.Livestock Enclosure: Small enclosed structure, roofed or not, designed
to house domestic animals. Use for pig sty, chicken coop, sheepfold, lambing pen,
dog house. Related features: Barn, Corral.
58.Log Cabin: Historic structure built of logs, although footing types
and roof materials may vary. Use for extant and partially dismantled or deteriorated
cabins. Related features: House Extant, House Foundation, One Room Structure, Outbuilding,
Shed.
59.Masonry Structure: (Historic period only) A building, or the ruins
of a building, constructed by piling stone, cut or uncut, either with or without
mortar or stucco. Use for buildings found in historic context. For those in prehistoric
context, see Roomblock. Related feature: House Extant, House Foundation, Compound
Walls.
60.Midden: An archaeological desposit exposed on the surface of a site,
and containing discarded artifacts and materials. Middens may have considerable
depth, or may be entirely surficial (i.e., sheet midden). Midden deposits normally
contain ashy or charcoal-stained sediments, and domestic trash such as sherds, lithic
debitage, and bone. Use in prehistoric and proto-historic contexts. Related features:
Ash Stain, Charcoal Stain, Burned Rock Midden, Dump, Trash Mound.
61.Milled Lumber Structure: Collapsed remains of a structure built of
processed lumber, usually with a minimal foundation, found in historic contexts
only. The term should be restricted to cases where related feature names are not
appropriate because function is unknown. Related features: Barn, One Room Structure,
Outbuilding, Outhouse, Shed, House Extant, House Foundation.
62.Mine: Use this term for strip mines, open pit mines, mine shafts and
tunnels of all types, including adits, stopes, vent shafts, prospects, glory holes,
galleys and haulage tunnels related to extraction of natural resources like coal
and minerals. Related features: Mine Waste, Ore Processing Facility, Ore Transportation
Feature.
63.Mine Waste: Include all forms of waste products like mine tailings,
spoils piles, slag heaps, etc. Related features: Mine, Ore Processing Facility,
Ore Transport Feature.
64.Monument: Any historic structure, erected to commemorate a historic
event, place or person, usually inscribed with date and historical details, includes
statues. Related features: Cairn, Shrine.
65.Mound, Structural: A pile of materials that probably represent the
remains of a structure. Related features: House Foundation, Roomblock.
66.Mound, Trash: An artificial form created on landscape by successive
dumping of trash in one area. Reserved for prehistoric contexts; do not confuse
with Structural Mound. Related features: Midden (prehistoric), Dump (historic),
Structural Mound.
Multi-room Structure: see Roomblock.
67.One Room Structure: The ruins of a small surface structure constructed
of any material and that is spatially isolated from other larger structures. Use
when related feature names cannot be applied because function is unclear. Related
features: Field House, House Extant, Hogan, Outhouse, Shed, Sweat Lodge, Tower,
Wickiup.
68.Orchard: An area of land devoted to cultivation of fruit or nut trees,
for historic components only. Related features: Field, Garden.
69.Ore Processing Facility: Ore mill structures and abandoned machinery
(e.g., arrastras, concentrators, ball and stamp mills, conveyor belts, leaching
vats). Related features: Mine, Ore Transport Feature.
70.Ore Transport
Feature: Structures and features associated with the transport of ore or coal
from mine to mill to final shipping by truck or rail (e.g., headframes, hoist machinery
and housing, flumes, loadouts, trams). For use in historic contexts only. Related
features: Bridge, Mine, Mine Waste, Ore Processing Facility, Railroad Tracks/Bed,
Road/Trail.
71.Outbuilding: Structures separated from, but related to, the principal
structure on a residential site. Applies to historic context only and should be
used when clearer definition of building's function (as barn, livestock enclosure,
outhouse, ramada, e.g.) is not possible. Related features: Barn, Dugout, One Room
Structure, Outhouse, Ramada/Shelter, Shed.
72. Outhouse: A small structure housing a toilet, privy or latrine, or
the remains of such a structure. Related features: Dugout, Fired Brick Structure,
Depression, One Room Structure, Milled Lumber Structure, Outbuilding, Ramada/Shelter,
Shed.
73.Oven: An enclosed space used to heat objects placed within its confines.
Includes earthen ovens, oven pits, mud ovens and bread ovens. Related features:
Brick Kiln, Coke Oven, Hearth, Kiln, Pottery Kiln, Roasting Pit.
74. Painted Petroglyph: A design scratched, pecked, or scraped into a
rock surface and then infilled with paint. Use to describe appropriate forms of
rock art and inscriptions. Related features: Graffitti, Petroglyph, Pictograph.
75.Pecked Bedrock Depression: Use in circumstances where a rock has been
modified by humans but the exact nature of the modification is unclear, e.g., may
be bedrock mortar, steps, cupule, etc. Related features: Bedrock Grinding Stone,
Bedrock Steps.
76.Petroglyph: A design scratched, pecked, or scraped into a rock surface.
Related features: Painted Petroglyph, Pictograph, Graffitti.
77.Pictograph: A design drawn in pigment upon an unprepared or ground
rock surface. Related features: Painted Petroglyph, Petroglyph, Graffitti.
78.Pithouse: A habitation structure built entirely or partially underground.
Include pithouse villages and indicate village size/estimated number of pithouses
under Feature Remarks. Also use Remarks to indicate whether depressions are clearly
or probably pithouses; when uncertain, use Undefined Depression rather than Pithouse.
Related features: Undefined Depression, Dugout, Great Kiva, Kiva.
79.Plaza: An open area, may be partially or completely enclosed by structural
remains (standing or collapsed), used for public activities. May contain temporary
structures like ramadas/shelters or special activity areas like mealing bins or
hearths.
80.Posthole: Discolored circular patches of soil, indicative of decayed,
burnt or removed architectural posts, such as would be found associated with pithouses
or ramadas.
81.Pottery Kiln: An oven or heated enclosed space for firing pottery;
may be applied to either historic or prehistoric components. Related features: Brick
Kiln, Coke Oven, Kiln, Lime Kiln, Oven.
Pueblo: see Roomblock
82.Public Building: Any non-residential building, or remains thereof,
including schools, courthouses, libraries, town halls, city halls, jails, generators,
historic homes that have been converted to museums, etc. Related features: Fired
Brick Structure, Milled Lumber Structure.
83.Quarry: An area from which geological materials have been excavated
and removed for use off-site, primarily as building materials (e.g., limestone,
stone, gravel, and sand pits). Related features: Clay quarry, Lithic Quarry, Resource
Procurement Area.
84.Railroad Track/Bed: Use to designate portions of bed or track, historic
context only. Related features: Bridge, Road/Trail.
85.Ramada/Shelter: All temporary shelters, including lean-tos, windbreaks,
brush enclosures and sun shades. Related features: Field House, Sweat Lodge, Tent
Base.
86.Reservoir: A natural or artificial lake or dam in which water can be
stored. Related features: Spring Control Structure, Tank, Water Control Device.
87.Resource Procurement Area: A surface area from which natural resources
(clay, stone, mineral, timber, etc.) were obtained. A Mine represents an excavation
of materials that need further extraction/processing before use, a Quarry represents
a large, open excavated area from which materials that need little processing (gravel,
sand) can be removed. A Resource Procurement Area is a surface area from which raw
materials that need little processing can be removed. Related features: Clay Quarry,
Lithic Quarry, Quarry.
88.Road/Trail: Formal or informal way used for the passage of humans,
animals and/or vehicles. Related features: Bridge, Railroad Tracks/Bed.
89.Roasting Pit: An excavated hole or pit for cooking without direct application
of fire, usually accompanied by concentrations of burned rock. Related features:
Burned Rock Midden, Dump, Hearth, Midden, Oven.
90.Rock Alignment, Undefined: A linear arrangement of cut or uncut stone,
the purpose of which is unclear. Should be used in situations that preclude use
of feature names with more clearly defined functions. Related features: Compound
Walls, Fence, House Foundation, Linear Border, Soil Control Structure, Wall.
91.Rock Feature, Undefined: Use this to include scatters of slabs or boulders,
upright slabs, or fire-cracked rock thought to be the result of human activity,
but where destruction or erosion have made full identification impossible. Related
features: Burned Rock Midden, Hearth, Rock Pile, Unidentified Rock Alignment.
92.Rock Pile: Purposefully arranged rocks, where no function can be determined.
Related features: Burned Rock Midden, Cairn, Mine Waste, Quarry, Roasting Pit.
93.Rock Ring: A donut-shaped rock pile or midden, sometimes interpreted
as a sleeping circle or metate preform manufacturing site. Distinguish between intentional
Rock Ring formations and Clearing in Desert Pavement. Related features: Burned Rock
Midden, Hearth, Roasting Pit.
Rockshelter:Check Rockshelter under Depositional Context on Site Card,
Side C, then describe the feature(s) within the shelter (e.g., Lithic Scatter, Wall,
Hearth, etc.).
Room: see One Room Structure.
94.Roomblock: The remains of a contiguous, multiroom habitation structure
constructed of adobe, jacal or masonry. Usually manifests a surface mound with construction
debris exposed, and some wall alignments visible. Includes all pueblos and Navajo
pueblitos. Provide description of building materials and estimate of number of rooms
under Feature Remarks. Related feature: Compound Walls, Structural Mound.
95.Sawmill: A facility for producing lumber from unhewn logs, historic
contexts only.
2. Scatter, Artifact: A patterned or unpatterned arrray of various types
of artifacts across the surface of the site. An artifact scatter should contain
more than one type of artifact and beprehistoric. Artifact Scatter should be used
in preference to sheet scatter or tool scatter. Related features: Lithic Scatter,
Sherd Scatter, Trash Scatter (for historic contexts).
56.Scatter, Lithic: Use for patterned or unpatterned arrangement of lithics
(tools, debitage) that occur on the landscape, either alone or in conjunction with
other features. Use instead of terms like sheet scatter, tool scatter, debitage
scatter. Related terms: Artifact Scatter, Trash Scatter.
96.Scatter, Sherd: A patterned or unpatterned array of ceramics isolated
on the landscape. Use in preference to ceramic scatter or sheet scatter. Related
features: Artifact Scatter, Lithic Scatter, Trash Scatter.
97.Scatter, Trash: A non-purposeful surficial arrangement of discarded
items. Use in historic context. If the deposit is dense and deep, call it a Dump.
Related features: Midden (prehistoric), Dump, Trash Mound (prehistoric).
98.Shed: A small structure separated from, but related to, the principal
structure on a residential site. Applies to historic context only and should be
used when clearer definition of building's function (as barn, livestock enclosure,
outhouse, ramada, e.g.) is not possible. Related features: Barn, Dugout, One Room
Structure, Outbuilding Outhouse, Ramada/Shelter.
96.Sherd Scatter: A patterned or unpatterned array of ceramics isolated
on the landscape. Use in preference to ceramic scatter or sheet scatter. Related
features: Artifact Scatter, Lithic Scatter, Trash Scatter.
99.Shrine: A place, showing evidence of human use, that is held sacred.
See Site Definition, Section V.
100.Soil Control Structure: A constructed device for capturing and/or
maintaining soils, usually for agricultural purposes. Includes terraces, erosion
control features, and dirt traps. Related features: Field, Garden, Linear Border,
Undefined Rock Alignment, Water Control Device.
101.Spring Control Structure: Any modification of a natural spring to
increase and/or control the flow. Includes spring improvements, pipe installations,
and stock troughs. Related features: Canal, Tank, Reservoir, Water Control Device,
Well.
102.Stage Stop: A structure situated along an established stage line for
watering, horse changes, and mail/passenger exchanges. Include the name of the stage
line under Feature Remarks.
103.Stockade: A fortified enclosure, often construced of timbers or posts
driven into the ground, or otherwise walled. Related features: Corral, Fence, Livestock
Enclosure, Wall.
65.Structural Mound: A pile of materials that probably represent the remains
of a structure. Related features: House Foundation, Roomblock.
104.Sweat Lodge: A small enclosure or hut used for steam baths, usually
ephemeral in construction. Often has fire cracked rock and/or a hearth in association.
Related features: Ash Stain, Burned Rock Midden, Charcoal Stain, Hearth, Hogan.
105.Tank: A capture and/or holding device for water, created by modification
of drainages or by installation of artificial trough. Includes metal tank stock
waterers and wildlife waterers. Historic context only. Related features: Reservoir,
Spring Control Device, Windmill.
106.Tent Base: The impression left by a tent, including tent platforms,
the rocks used to weight down edges, stakes and wear patterns. Related features:
Ramada/Shelter, Rock Ring, Wickiup.
107.Tower: A structure constructed to provide elevation above the surrounding
area. May or may not be attached to other structures. Related features: Atalaya,
One Room Structure, Roomblock.
108.Trading Post/Mercantile: A station or store, usually in a remote location.
Include the name of the post in Feature Remarks. Related features: Fired Brick Structure,
Milled Lumber Structure, One Room Structure, Roomblock.
109.Trailer: A vehicle designed to be hauled by a car or truck, especially
a house trailer, which has been abandoned on the landscape. Related feature: Car
body.
66.Trash Mound: An artificial form created on landscape by successive
trash dumping in one area. Reserved for prehistoric contexts; do not confuse with
Structural Mound. Related features: Midden (prehistoric), Dump (historic), Structural
Mound.
97.Trash Scatter: A non-purposeful surficial arrangement of discarded
items. Use in historic context. If the deposit is dense and deep, call it a Dump.
Related features: Midden (prehistoric), Dump, Trash Mound (prehistoric).
110.Trincheras:
Rock alignments constructed on top or around the circumference of hills. Related
features: Undefined Rock Alignments, Cairns, Wall.
30.Undefined Depression: An area sunk below the immediate surrounding
terrain. Use to indicate depressions that are a direct result of some human activity
but the purpose of which is unclear. Related features: Dugout, Great Kiva, Kiva,
Outhouse, Pithouse.
27.Undefined Constructed Linear Feature: Any type of constructed linear
feature than cannot be more specifically defined as a wall, fence, road,railroad
bed, boundary marker, etc.
34.Undefined Excavated Linear Feature: An excavated linear feature, otherwise
undefined as an irrigation canal, tunnel, etc. Related feature: Canal.
90.Undefined Rock Alignment: A linear arrangement of cut or uncut stone,
the purpose of which is unclear. Should be used in situations that preclude use
of feature names with more clearly defined functions. Related features: Compound
Walls, Fence, House Foundation, Linear Border, Soil Control Structure, Wall.
91.Undefined Rock Feature: Use this to include scatters of slabs or boulders,
upright slabs, or fire-cracked rock thought to be the result of human activity,
but where destruction or erosion have made full identification impossible. Related
features: Burned Rock Midden, Hearth, Rock Pile, Rock Alignment.
111.Wall: An upright structure that divides, encloses, or protects an
area, or separates continguous areas, constructed of various materials. Walls are
more substantial than fences. Related features: Fence, House Foundation, Soil Control
Structure, Undefined Rock Alignment, Water Control Device.
112.Water Control Device: A device that controls water flow, particularly
runoff. Inlcudes check dams, flumes, gabions, headgates, drop structures, and riprap.
Related features: Canal, Reservoir, Spring Control Structure.
113.Well: A deep shaft or hole drilled to obtain water or other liquid
or gas resources. Related features: Reservoir, Windmill.
114.Wickiup: A short term habitation constructed of matting, grass, or
bark overlaying a frame. Related features: Hogan, Rock Ring, Sweat Lodge, Tent Base.
115.Windmill: A wheel of adjustable blades or shafts rotated by wind to
provide energy to draw water from a well. Found in historic contexts only. Related
features: Reservoir, Tank, Water Control Device, Well.
116.Other: Use this category whenever none of the above Feature Names
is appropriate. Then specify details in Feature Remarks.
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